Джеймс Голдгейер - Цель и средства. Политика США в отношении России после «холодной войны»

• Название: Цель и средства. Политика США в отношении России после «холодной войны»
• Автор: Джеймс Голдгейер
• Издательство: Международные отношения
• Жанр: Политика
• Год: 2009
• ISBN: 978-5-7133-1350-0

Как формировалась внешняя политика США по отношению к России в 90-е годы XX века? В чем видела свои интересы в разваливающемся Советском Союзе правящая американская элита и правильно ли оценивала ситуацию? Какие были совершены ошибки и почему? На эти вопросы на основании широкого спектра источников, бесед с известными политическими деятелями, личных наблюдений пытаются найти ответ авторы нашумевшей в США книги.

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391

Jehl D. Clinton Repeats Support for Yeltsin // New York Times. — September 30, 1993. — P. A14; and Clinton, quoted in: Friedman S. A Minefield in Moscow // Newsday. — September 23, 1993. — P. 114.

392

Sell L.D. Embassy under Siege: An Eyewitness Account of Yeltsin's 1993 Attack on Parliament // Problems of Post-Communism. — Vol. 50. — July-August 2003. — P. 64.

393

Clinton, Remarks and an Exchange with Reporters on Russia. — October 3. 1993, reprinted in Public Papers of the President William J. Clinton- 1993. — Vol. 2 (Government Printing Office, 1994). — P. 1647-1648; and Jehl D. Showdown in Moscow: Clinton Reaffirming Support for Yeltsin, Blames Rutskoi's Faction for the Violence // New York Times. — October 4, 1993. — P. All.

394

Jehl D. Showdown in Moscow: U.S. Reaction: Clinton is 'Foursquare' behind Yeltsin but Expects Elections Soon // New York Times. — October 5, 1993. — P. A19.

395

Ibid.

396

Interview with Nicholas Burns and Thomas Donilon.

397

Gosselin P. and Putzel M. U.S. Reaffirms Full Support for Russian Leader // Boston Globe. — October 5, 1993. — P. 12.

398

Rosner J. The New Tug of War: the Executive Branch, and National Security. — Washington: Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 1995. — P. 55, 59.

399

Speaker's Advisory Group on Russia, Christopher Cox, Chairman, Russia's Road to Corruption: How the Clinton Administration Exported Government Instead of Free Enterprise and Failed the Russian People (U.S. House of Representatives, September 2000), especially chap. 4.

400

Quoted in: Curtius M. U.S. Banking on Win for Russia Reforms // Boston Globe. — December 12, 1993. — P. 20.

401

Sciolino E. U.S. Offers Help to Russians to Insure Election Are Fair // New York Times. — October 24, 1993. — P. A12.

402

Interview with Boris Fyodorov, Anders Aslund. How Russia Became a Market Economy. — Brookings, 1995. — P. 199.

403

Interview with Merry.

404

McFaul M. Russian Electoral Trends // Borany Z. ed. Russian Politics: Challenge of Democratization. — Cambridge University Press, 2001. — P. 19-63.

405

Yanov A. Weimar Russia. — New York: Slovo-Word, 1995; McFaul M. Nuts 'n' Honey: Why Zhirinovsky Can Win // New Republic. — February 14, 1994. — P. 23-24; Макфол. Спектр российского фашизма // Независимая газета. — 1994. — 2 ноября.

406

Fairbanks С. The Politics of Resentment // Journal of Democracy. — Vol. 5. — April 1994. — P. 41.

407

Williams D. and R. Smith J. U.S. Now Gloomy on Russia Vote; Dazed Delegation in Moscow Rules Out Meeting Zhirinovsky // Washington Post, December 15, 1993. — P. Al; and interview with Talbott.

408

Hellmann, Winners Take All.

409

Подробнее см. McFaul M. Understanding Russia's Parliamentary Elections: Implications for American Foreign Policy, Essays in Public Policy (Palo Alto: Hoover Institution Press, 1994).

410

Passell P. Russia's Political Turmoil Follows Half Steps, Not Shock Therapy. — New York Times. — December 30, 1993. — P. D2.

411

Interviews with Lipton D., Kaslow A. World Leaders Move to Ease Terms for Russia // Christian Science Monitor. — December 24. — 1993. — P. 1. О негативной реакции экономистов, консультировавших российское правительство, на замечания Гора см.: Passell P. Russia's Political Turmoil Follows Half Steps, Not Shock Therapy // New York Times. — December 30, 1993. — P. Al.

412

Sciolino E. U.S. Is Abandoning 'Shock Therapy' for the Russians // New York Times. — December 21, 1993. — P. Al.

413

Interview with Lipton.

414

Nagorski A. Trying to Keep Russia on Track // Newsweek International. — January 29, 2001.

415

Interview with Talbott.

416

Interview with Boris Fyodorov.

417

Apple R.W. The Russia Vote: Results in Russia Shake Washington // New York Times. — December 15, 1993. — P. A16.

418

Interviews with James Steinberg and Donilon.

419

Apple R.W. The Russia Vote: Results in Russia Shake Washington // New York Times. — December 15, 1993. — P. A16.

420

King J. A Rebuke for Zhirinovsky: Gore Blasts Harsh Views, Urges Greater Aid for Russia // Record. — December 16, 1993. — P. A21; Sciolino E. Clinton Reaffirms Policy on Russia // New York Times. — December 16, 1993. -P. All.

421

May В. Экономическая реформа сквозь призму Конституции и политики. — М.: Ad Marginem, 1994; Sachs J. Betrayal // New Republic. — January 31, 1994. — P. 15; and the interview with Sachs J. They Are Going to Pursue Dangerous Policies // Time. — January 31, 1994. — P. 90; and Boulton L. Chubais Sounds Inflation Warning // Financial Times. — February 3, 1994. — P. 2.

422

Shevtsova L. Yeltsin's Russia: Myths and Reality. — Washington, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 1999. — P. 111.

423

Паин Э. и Попов А. Власть и общество на баррикадах // Известия. — 1994. — 10 февраля.

424

О формировании этой коалиции см.: Минкин А. Адвокат шефа КГБ Крючкова защищает президента Ельцина // Московский комсомолец. — 1995. — 14 января.

425

Гайдар. Дни поражений и побед. — С. 329. См также: Mansfield E. and Snyder J. Democratization and the Danger of War // International Security. — Vol. 20 (Summer 1995). — P. 5-38.

426

Dunlop J.B. Russia Confronts Chechnya: Roots of Separatist Conflict. — Cambridge University Press, 1998. — P. 124. Об анархии в Чечне при Дудаеве в период так называемой независимости см.: Lieven A. Chechnya: Tombstone of Russian Power. — Yale University Press, 1998. — P. 74-84.

427

Interview with Talbott.

428

Interviews with Talbott and James Woolsey, then director of central intelligence.

429

Talbott. The Russia Hand. — P. 148; and interview with Nicholas Burns.

430

Interviews with Talbott and Steinberg.

431

Interview with Victoria Nuland.

432

Interviews with Steinberg, Coit D. Blacker, Lake, and Fuerth.

433

Interview with Ashton Carter.

434

Christopher C. In the Stream of History. — P. 266.

435

Interview with Carter.

436

Interview with Lake.

437

Lake A. The Challenge of Change in Russia // Remarks before U.S. — Russia Business Council, April 1, 1996, White House Office of Press Secretary. — April 3, 1996. — P. 2; President Clinton, final press conference at the Summit of the Americas. — Florida, December 11, 1994; and CNN, May 11, 1995. — Transcript 1020-3.

438

Interview with Burns.

439

Interview with Talbott; Smith J. U.S. Interests Seem Allied with Russian in Chechnya // Washington Post. — December 25, 1994. — P. A27; and interview with Warren Christopher on MacNeil/Lehrer Newshour, December 13, 1994. Об альтернативной перспективе, дезавуировавшей метафору о «принципе домино», см.: McFaul M. Russian Politics after Chechnya // Foreign Policy. — No. 99 (Summer 1995). — P. 149-165.

440

U.S. Department of State, Office of the Spokesman, daily press briefing, January 3, 1995.

441

Hoffman D. and Harris J. Clinton, Yeltsin Gloss Over Chechen War // Washington Post. — April 22, 1996. — P. Al.

442

Interviews with Nuland and Talbott; and Talbott S. The Russia Hand. — P. 205.

443

Lake A. The Challenge of Change in Russia. — P. 2; see: Talbott S., deputy secretary of state, statement before the Subcommittee of the Senate Appropria tion Committee. February 5, 1996. — 104 Cong. 1 sess. — P. 3; Christopher W. In the Stream of History; Shaping Foreign Policy for a New Era. — Stanford University Press. — P. 249.

444

Deputy Secretary of State Strobe Talbott. Supporting Democracy and Econo mic Reform in the New Independent States, statement before the Subcommittee on Foreign Operations of the Senate Appropriations Committee, February 9, 1995, 104 Congreess // U.S. Department of State Dispatch. — Vol. 6. — February 20, 1995. — P. 121; and interview with Christopher on McNeil/Lehrer Newshour.

445

McCurry M. State Department briefing. — January 3, 1995.

446

Interview with Christopher on McNeil/Lehrer Newshour; and interview with Fuerth.

447

Christopher W. In the Stream of History. — P. 268.

448

Interview with Talbott.

449

NPR's Morning Edition. — March 30, 1995. — Transcript 1574-5. — P. 2.

450

Ross W. The Role of Foreign Policy Advisors in Dole, Clinton Campaigns, U.S. Foreign Policy Agenda // USIA Electronic Journals. — Vol. 1 (October 1996).

451

Brzezinski. On CNN International. — June 15, 1996. — Transcript 1549-3.

452

Yavlinsky G. Shortsighted // New York Times Magazine. — January 6, 1995. — P. 66.

453

For details, see McFaul M. Russian Politics after Chechnya // Foreign Policy. — No. 99 (Summer 1995). — P. 149-165.

454

Interview with Burns.

455

См.: Hoffman D. The Oligarchs: Wealth and Power in New Russia (Public Affairs, 2002).

456

Interviews with Steinberg, Fuerth, and other U. S. government officials.

457

Почему Явлинский не мог победить в 1996 году, см.: McFaul M. Russia between Elections: The Vanishing Center, Journal of Democracy. — Vol. 7. — April 1996. — P. 90-104.

458

Veliko Vujacic V. Gennady Zyuganov and the Third Road, Post-Soviet Affairs. — Vol. 12. — April-June 1996. — P. 118-154; Невежин Ю. Новый «призрак» у шахтеров // Независимая газета. — 1996. — 30 марта; Lawson E. and Marshall В. Russia on Election Eve: A U.S. — Russia Business Council Report to the Board of Directors. — Washington, U.S. Russia Business Council. — May 17, 1996. — P. 4-5, 16.