Джеймс Голдгейер - Цель и средства. Политика США в отношении России после «холодной войны»

• Название: Цель и средства. Политика США в отношении России после «холодной войны»
• Автор: Джеймс Голдгейер
• Издательство: Международные отношения
• Жанр: Политика
• Год: 2009
• ISBN: 978-5-7133-1350-0

Как формировалась внешняя политика США по отношению к России в 90-е годы XX века? В чем видела свои интересы в разваливающемся Советском Союзе правящая американская элита и правильно ли оценивала ситуацию? Какие были совершены ошибки и почему? На эти вопросы на основании широкого спектра источников, бесед с известными политическими деятелями, личных наблюдений пытаются найти ответ авторы нашумевшей в США книги.

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515

Interview with Talbott; and John Buntin. Decision to Denuclearize: How Ukraine became a Non-Nuclear Weapons State. Kennedy School of Government Case Program, C14-98-1425.0. — P. 13.

516

Interview with Gottemoeller.

517

Segal L. Hang Separately: Cooperative Security between the United States and Russia, 1985-1994 (Century Foundation Press. 2000). — P. 251-262; Buntin. — Decision to Denuclearize. — P. 16-17; and interviews with Gottemoeller and Ashton Carter. The administration became publicly to emphasize it was changing the tone from sticks to carrots. See: Gordon M.R. With Aid, U.S. Seeks to Sway Ukraine on A-Arms, New York Times, June 4, 1993, p. A7.

518

Interview with Carter.

519

Goodby J. Europe Divided: The New Logic of Peace in the U.S. — Russian Relations. — Washington, U.S. Institute of Peace, 1998. — P. 80.

520

Interview with Talbott; and Talbott. The Russia Hand. — P. 80.

521

Interview wit Talbott; on Garmish meetings. See: Healy M. Aspin Proposes U.S. — Russian Joint Maneuvers // Los Angeles Times. — June 6, 1993. — P. Al; see also: Gordon M. R. Aspin Meets Russian in Bid to Take Ukraine's A-Arms // New York Times. — June 6, 1993. — P. 16; and Gordon M. R. Russians Fault U.S. on Shifting Ukraine's Arms // New York Times. — June 7, 1993. -P. Al. Анализ недовольства Грачева вмешательством США в то, что ему представлялось как чисто российско-украинская проблема, см.: Lapychak Ch. U.S. Changes Its Strategy to Help Ukraine Disarm // Christian Science Monitor. — June 9, 1993. — P. 2.

522

Talbott, The Russia Hand. — P. 83.

523

Sigal. Hang Separately. — P. 264.

524

Secto 17 049, Secretary's Meeting with Ukrainian President Kravchuk, October 25, 1993. Kiev, declassified May 11, 2000, in response to a Freedom of Information Act request by the authors.

525

Secto 17 049, also Secto 17 045, Secretary's Meeting with Ukrainian Rada Leaders, October 25, 1993. Kiev, declassified May 11, 2000, in response to a Freedom of Information Act request by the authors.

526

Sigal. Hang Separately. — P. 264; and Buntin. Decision to Denuclearize. — P. 20.

527

Interview with Talbott.

528

Talbott. The Russia Hand. — P. 109.

529

Interview with Talbott; and Talbott, The Russia Hand. — P. 109.

530

Buntin, Decision to Denuclearize. — P. 24-26; and Sigal. Hang Separately. — P. 264.

531

Buntin J. Epilogue: To Budapest and Beyond // KSG Case Program, С14-98-1425.1. — 1997. — P. 4

532

For background see: Beyrle J.R. The Long Good-Bye: The Withdrawal of Russian Military Forces from Baltic States, Pew Case Studies in International Affairs, case 371 (Georgetown University, Institute for the Study of Diplomacy, 1996). Beyrle served on NSC staff from 1993 through 1995.

533

Beyrle, The Long Good-Bye. — P. 2-3.

534

Beyrle, The Long Good-Bye. — P. 6-7; коллега Бейрли по СНБ Николас Берне обсуждал интерес Лейка к Балтии в интервью с авторами. Краткий обзор некоторых проблем см.: Hokstader. Russia to Remove Troops from Estonia by Aug. 31 // Washington Post. — July 27, 1994. — P. A22.

535

Talbott, The Russia Hand. — P. 63; and Beyrle. The Long Good- Bye. — P. 7.

536

Interviews with Talbott and Burns.

537

Beyrle, The Long Good-Bye. — P. 7.

538

Talbott, The Russia Hand. — P. 443, note 3; interview with Talbott; and Beyrle, The Long Good-Bye. — P. 7-9.

539

Beyrle, The Long Good-Bye. — P. 8; and Talbott, The Russia hand. — P. 126.

540

Talbott, The Russia Hand. -P. 126.

541

Burns is quoted in Beyrle, The Long Good-Bye. — P. 9. О заявлении Клинтона по этому вопросу в Латвии см.: Press Conference by President Clinton, President Ulmanis of Latvia, and President Men of Estonia, Press Availability, State Room, Riga Castle, Riga, Latvia, White House, Office of the Press Secretary (Warsaw, Poland). — July 6, 1994.

542

Talbott, The Russia Hand. — P. 127.

543

Talbott, The Russia Hand. — P. 128; interview with Talbott; Farrell J.A. Yeltsin Makes Concessions on Baltic Security // Boston Globe. — July 11. — P. 8; and Beryle, The Long Good-Bye. — P. 9.

544

Talbott, The Russia Hand. — P. 126, 130.

545

Talbott, The Russia Hand. — P. 128.

546

Talbott, The Russia Hand. — P. 128.

547

Ibid. — P. 129; and interview with Talbott.

548

Interview with Nuland.

549

Соответствующие комментарии на этот счет российского министра иностранных дел Козырева см.: Talbott, The Russia Hand. — P. 158-159.

550

Дополнительно см.: Greenhouse S. Russia and China Pressed Not to Sell A-Plants to Iran // New York Times. — January 25, 1995. — P. A6; and Einhorn R.J. and Samore G. Ending Russian Assistance to Iran's Nuclear Bomb // Survi val. — Vol. 44 (Summer 2002). — P. 51-70; and Talbott, The Russia Hand — P. 158.

551

Interview with Talbott.

552

Lauter D. Yeltsin Pledges to End Arms Sales to Iran // Los Angeles Times. — September 29, 1994. — P. A12.

553

Kaplan F. Reactor Sale Adds to U.S. — Russia Strain // Boston Globe. — February 26, 1995. — P. 22.

554

Christopher W. In the Stream of History: Shaping Foreign Policy for a New Era. — Stanford University Press, 1998. — P. 253; and Williams D. and Lippman T.W. Christopher Charges Iran Continues Nuclear Program // Washington Post. — January 21, 1995. — P. All.

555

См.: Sciolino E. Congress Presses Russia, and Clinton, over Iran Deal // New York Times. — February 22, 1995. — P. A8; and Greenhouse S. Russia Insists Reactor Sale to Iran Is Firm // New York Times. — February 24, 1995. — P. 5.

556

Talbott, The Russia Hand. — P. 152-154; and interview with Coit D. Blacker.

557

Stephanopulos. All Too Human. — P. 329-330.

558

Interview with Dick Morris. См. также: Morris D. Behind the Oval Office: Getting Reelected against All Odds. — Los Angeles: Renaissance, 1999. — P. 250

559

Interview with Dick Morris; and Morris, Behind the Oval Office. — P. 250-251.

560

Interview with Poneman.

561

Greenhouse S. U.S. Gives Russia Secret Data on Iran to Discourage Atom Deal // New York Times. — April 2, 1995. — P. A9; and Erlanger S. Russia Says Sale of Atom Reactor to Iran Is Still On // New York Times. — April 4, 1995. — P. A1.

562

Christopher, In the Stream of History. — P. 267.

563

Talbott, The Russia Hand. — P. 159-160.

564

Sciolino E. Clinton and Yeltsin Seeking Common Ground for Talks // New York Times. — April 28, 1995. — P. A8.

565

Erlanger S. Summit in Moscow: The Overview // New York Times. — May 11, 1995. — P. Al; Talbott, The Russia Hand. — P. 161 and 445. — No 7; and remarks by President Clinton and President Yeltsin in a Joint Press Conference. — Moscow, May 11, 1995. — P. Al.

566

Dobbs M. Summit Seen as 'Failure' by Republicans on the Hill // Washington Post. — May 11, 1995. — P. A32; Broder J.M. and Williams C.J. Yeltsin Offers Minor Concessions to U.S. // Los Angeles Times. — July 1, 1995. — P. Al.

567

Erlanger S. Facing Threat in Parliament, Yeltsin Removes Three Ministers // New York Times. — July 1, 1995. — P. 1; and Boudreaux R. Russia Agrees to Stop Selling Arms to Iran // Los Angeles Times. — July 1, 1995. — P. Al.

568

Einhorn and Samore. Ending Russian Assistance to Iran's Nuclear Bomb. — P. 53; and Broder J.M. Despite a Secret Pact by Gore in '95, Russian Arms Sales to Iran Go On // New York Times. — October 13, 2000. Al. О деталях см.: Contracts Suspended with Iran that could be Renewed Outlined. Foreign Broadcast Information Service (FBIS)-SOV-2000-1123. — November 23, 2000.

569

Broder J.M. Despite a Secret Pact by Gore in '95, Russian Arms Sales to Iran Go On // New York Times. — October 13, 2000. — P. Al.

570

Основополагающий акт о взаимоотношениях, сотрудничестве и без опасности между Российской Федерацией и Организацией Североатлантического договора. Май 1997 года.

571

Russia and the Threat of NATO (interview with Anatoly Chubais) // Time. — February 17, 1997. — P. 40.

572

О критике Партнерства ради мира (ПРМ) см. интервью с Козыревым in: Time. — July 1994. — P. 44-45. О критике хартии см.: Aron L. The Foreign Policy Doctrine of Post-Communist Russia and Its Domestic Context, in: Mandelbaum M. ed. The New Russian Foreign Policy. — New York, Council on Foreign Relations, 1998. — P. 47.

573

McFaul M. A Precarious Piece: Domestic Politics in the Making of Russian Foreign Policy // International Security. — Vol. 22 (Winter 1997-1998). — P. 5-35.

574

Kozyrev A. Don't Threaten Us // New York Times. — March 18, 1994. — P. All.

575

См: Goldgeier J.M. Not Whether but When: The U.S. Decision to Enlarge NATO (Brookings, 1999). — P. 14-17. The Genscher quote is in Stephen F. Sabo. The Diplomacy of German Unification (St. Martin's Press, 1992). — P. 57-58.

576

Zelikow P. and Rice С Germany Unified and Europe Transformed: A Study in Statecraft. — Harvard University Press, 1995. — P. 176.

577

Zelikow and Rice. Germany Unified and Europe Transformed. — P. 180-183.

578

По этому вопросу см.: Hutchings R.L. American Diplomacy and the End of the Cold War: An Insider's Account of U.S. Policy in Europe, 1989-1992. — Woodrow Wilson Center Press, 1997. — P. 290ff; see also: Asmus R.D. Opening NATO's Door: How the Alliance Remade Itself for a New Era. — Columbia University Press, 2002. — P. 5.

579