Франк Трентманн - Эволюция потребления. Как спрос формирует предложение с XV века до наших дней

• Название: Эволюция потребления. Как спрос формирует предложение с XV века до наших дней
• Автор: Франк Трентманн
• Жанр: Экономика
• Год: 2019
• ISBN: 978-5-04-088674-6

Почему мы потребляем так много? Какие исторические процессы сформировали наш материальный образ жизни? Трентманн анализирует рост массового потребления на мировой арене в контексте истории, экономики, социологии и политики. Вы узнаете, как желания и характер потребителей меняли развитие общества, влияли на науки, направляли политику и экономику.

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279

Johann Krapf, quoted in Jeremy Prestholdt, «East African Consumerism and the Genealogies of Globalization», PhD thesis, Northwestern University (Evanston, IL) 2003, 93. См.: Jeremy Prestholdt, Domesticating the World: African Consumerism and the Genealogies of Globalization (Berkeley, CA, 2008).

280

Цитата в: Elizabeth Elbourne, Blood Ground: Colonialism, Missions and the Contest for Christianity in the Cape Colony and Britain, 1799–1853 (Montreal, 2002), 213.

281

Robert Moffat, Missionary Labours and Scenes in Southern Africa (London, 1842), 503—7. См. также: Jean Comaroff & John Comaroff, «Colonizing Currencies: Beasts, Banknotes and the Colour of Money in South Africa», из: Commodification: Things, Agency and Identities (The Social Life of Things revisited), eds. Wim van Binsbergen & Peter L. Geschiere (New Brunswick, 2005).

282

Church Missionary Traces: The Village Missionary Meeting, A Dialogue.. (London, 1852).

283

John Philip, Researches in South Africa (London, 1828), 72—3.

284

T. Fowell Buxton, The African Slave Trade and Its Remedy (London, 1840), 367—73. См. похожие суждения миссионеров CSM о желании иметь мебель и жить в комфорте у коренных индейцев, таких как чокто, Missionary Register 1829, 472.

285

Samuel Crowther, Journal of an Expedition up the Niger and Tshadda Rivers. With a new introduction by J. F. Ade Ajayi (London, 1854/1970), 11.

286

Quoted in Charlotte Sussman, Consuming Anxieties: Consumer Protest, Gender and British Slavery, 1713–1833 (Stanford, CA, 2000), 40.

287

William Fox in 1791, цитата в: Sussman, Consuming Anxieties, 115.

288

Henry Nevinson, A Modern Slavery (London, 1906). Далее см.: Kevin Grant: A Civilised Savagery: Britain and the New Slaveries in Africa, 1884–1926 (New York, 2005); а также Lowell J. Satre, Chocolate on Trial: Slavery, Politics and the Ethics of Business (Athens, OH, 2005). В сентябре 1907 года в Review of Reviews было написано, что любой напиток какао на пятую часть состоит из крови рабов. В конечном итоге Cadbury и другие европейские производители какао договорились не покупать какао-бобы, выращенные на островах.

289

Adam Jones & Peter Sebald, An African Family Archive: The Lawsons of Little Popo/Aneho (Togo) 1841–1938 (Oxford, 2005).

290

Цитата в: K. Onwuka Dike, Trade and Politics in the Niger Delta, 1830—85 (Oxford, 1956), 113—14.

291

Joseph Thomson, цитата в: Prestholdt, «East African Consumer-ism», 125.

292

Christopher Fyfe, A History of Sierra Leone (Oxford, 1962), 411—68.

293

Dike, Trade and Politics in the Niger Delta, 1830—85, 207. 25. Thomas. J. Lewin, Asante before the British: The Prempean Years, 1875–1900 (Lawrence, KS, 1978); а также William Tordoff, Ashanti under the Prempehs, 1888–1935 (London, 1965). См. также: G. Austin, «Vent for Surplus or Productivity Breakthrough? The Ghanaian Cocoa Takeoff, c.1890–1936», из: Economic History Review, Vol. 67, issue 4, 2014: 1035—64; а также E Frankema & M. van Waijenburg, «Structural Impediments to African Growth? New Evi-dence from Real Wages in British Africa, 1880–1965», Centre for Global Economic History working paper no. 24 (2011).

294

Jonathon Glassman, Feasts and Riot: Revelry, Rebellion and Popular Consciousness on the Swahili Coast, 1856—88 (Portsmouth, NH, 1995).

295

Цитата из: Laura Fair, Pastimes and Politics: Culture, Community and Identity in Post-Abolition Urban Zanzibar, 1890–1945 (Athens, OH, 2001), 64, а также см. 64—109 для вышесказанного.

296

Lynn Schler, «Bridewealth, Guns and Other Status Symbols: Immigration and Consumption in Colonial Douala», Journal of African Cultural Studies 16, no. 2, 2003: 213—34.

297

Marion Johnson, «Cotton Imperialism in West Africa», African Affairs 73, no. 291, 1974: 178—87.

298

D. Bavendamm, 1894, цитата из: Birgit Meyer, «Christian Mind and Worldly Matters: Religion and Materiality in the Nineteenth-сentury Gold Coast», из: Richard Fardon, Wim van Binsbergen & Rijk van Dijk, eds., Modernity on a Shoestring: Dimensions of Globalization, Consumption and Development in Africa and Beyond (Leiden, 1999), 167—9.

299

Quoted in H. Maynard Smith, Frank: Bishop of Zanzibar: Life of Frank, Weston, D.D. 1871–1924 (London, 1926), 187.

300

Klaus J. Bade, Friedrich Fabri und der Imperialismus in der Bismarckzeit (Freiburg, 1975); а также Horst Gründer, Christliche Mission und deutscher Imperialismus, 1884–1914 (Paderborn, 1982).

301

Friedrich Michael Zahn из: Allgemeine MissionsZeitschrift: Monatshefte für geschichtliche und theoretische Missionskunde, Vol. XIV (1887), 46, перевод мой.

302

Другая точка зрения: A. N. Porter, Religion Versus Empire? British Protestant Missionaries and Overseas Expansion, 1700–1914 (Manchester, 2004); а также Roland Oliver, The Missionary Factor in East Africa (London, 1952).

303

Bruno Gutmann, «The African Standpoint», Africa 8, no. 1, 1935: 1—19, цитата на с. 7.

304

Chika Onyeani, Capitalist Nigger: The Road to Success (Timbuktu, 2000).

305

Например, блестящий историк Джеймс Уолвин: James Walvin, Fruits of Empire: Exotic Produce and British Taste, 1660–1800 (London, 1997). Он сравнивает товары с заразной болезнью, которая принесла боль и страдания, 174—83.

306

W. H. Ingrams цитата в: Fair, Pastimes and Politics, 76. См. также: Richard Austin Freeman, Travels and Life in Ashanti and Jaman (London, 1898/1967), 380.

307

Godfrey Wilson, An Essay on the Economics of Detribalization in Northern Rhodesia, Rhodes – Livingstone papers, nos. 5, 6 (Livingstone, Northern Rhodesia 1941), 20.

308

«Гибкий расизм», если говорить словами Моны Домош: Mona Domosh, American Commodities in an Age of Empire (New York, 2006). Сравните с: de Grazia, Irresistible Empire.

309

Abdul Halim Sharar, Lucknow: The Last Phase of an Oriental Culture (Oxford, 1975 edn), 73, 121—5.

310

Maya Jasanoff, Edge of Empire: Lives, Culture and Conquest in the East 1750–1850 (New York, 2005), особенно гл. 2.

311

Цитата из: Robin D. Jones, Interiors of Empire: Objects, Space and Identity within the Indian Subcontinent, c.1800–1947 (Manchester, 2007), 95.

312

C. A. Bayly, «Archaic» and «Modern» Globalization in the Eurasian and African Arena, c.1750–1850», из: Globalization in World History, ed. A. G. Hopkins (London, 2002), 45–72, цитата на с. 52.

313

Russell W. Belk, Collecting in a Consumer Society (London and New York, 2001).

314

Hosagrahar Jyoti, «City as Durbar», из: Forms of Dominance: On the Architecture and Urbanism of the Colonial Enterprise, ed. Nezar Al Sayyad (Aldershot, 1992), 85—103.

315

Christopher Alan Bayly, Rulers, Townsmen and Bazaars: North Indian Society in the Age of British Expansion, 1770–1870 (Cambridge, 1983).

316

Douglas Haynes, Rhetoric and Ritual in Colonial India: The Shaping of a Public Culture in Surat City, 1852–1928 (Berkeley, CA, 1991).

317

John Crawfurd, A Sketch of the Commercial Resources and Monetary and Mercantile System of British India, 1837, repr. in The Economic Development of India under the East India Company, 1814—58: A Selection of Contemporary Writings, ed. K. N Chaudhuri (Cambridge, 1971), цитата на с. 233, 241.

318

See Tirthankar Roy, The Economic History of India, 1857–1947 (Oxford, 2006). Сравните: B. R. Tomlinson, The New Cambridge History of India, 3: The Economy of Modern India, 1860–1970 (Cambridge, 1993).

319

David Cannadine, Ornamentalism (London, 2001); а также The Great Delhi Durbar of 1911 (London, 1911).

320

Это не означает, конечно, что подарки перестали выполнять другие социальные функции; см. Margot C. Finn, «Colonial Gifts: Family Politics and the Exchange of Goods in British India», из: Modern Asian Studies 40, no. 1, 2006: 203—31.

321

Joseph A. Schumpeter, Imperialism and Social Classes (Oxford, 1919/1951), 14.

322

Veena Talwar Oldenburg, The Making of Colonial Lucknow, 1856–1877 (Princeton, NJ, 1984). 55. Haynes, Rhetoric and Ritual in Colonial India.

323

C. A. Bayly, The New Cambridge History of India: Indian Society and the Making of the British Empire (Cambridge, 1988).

324

Rita Smith Kipp, «Emancipating Each Other: Dutch Colonial Missionaries’ Encounter with Karo Women in Sumatra, 1900–1942», bp: Domesticating the Empire: Race, Gender and Family Life in French and Dutch Colonialism, eds. Julia Clancy-Smith & Frances Gouda (Charlottesville, VA, 1998), гл. 11.

325

Bernard S. Cohn, Colonialism and Its Forms of Knowledge (Princeton, NJ, 1996), 106—62; а также Emma Tarlo, Clothing Matters: Dress and Identity in India (London, 1996).

326

Abigail McGowan, «Consuming Families», из: Douglas Haynes et al., eds., Towards a History of Consumption in South Asia (Oxford, 2010), 155—84.

327

Shib Chunder Bose, The Hindoos as They Are (London, 1881), 191–208.

328

G. F. Shirras, Report on an Enquiry into Workingclass Budgets in Bombay (Bombay, 1923).

329

Bose, The Hindoos as They Are, 195.

330

Haruka Yanagisawa «Growth of Small-scale Industries and Changes in Consumption Patterns in South India, 1910s—50s», из: Haynes et al., eds., Towards a History of Consumption in South Asia, 51–75.

331

Kate Platt, The Home and Health in India and the Tropical Colonies (London, 1923), 16. См. далее: Elizabeth Buettner, Empire Families: Britons and Late Imperial India (Oxford, 2004).

332

Здесь и далее ссылаюсь на: Jones, Interiors of Empire, цитата со с. 1.

333

Selections from the Calcutta Gazettes, 1784—88 (Calcutta, 1864), 47, 50—4, 60.

334

Jones, Interiors of Empire, 105.

335

Platt, Home and Health in India and the Tropical Colonies, 64.

336

Edward Braddon, Life in India, 1872, цитата из: Jones, Interiors of Empire, 85.

337

Jones, Interiors of Empire, 137.

338

Arnold Wright, Twentieth-century Impressions of Ceylon (London, 1907), 709—11, а также 487, 692, 697, 720 для дополнительных примеров.

339

Charles Feinstein, «Changes in Nominal Wages, the Cost of Living and Real Wages in the United Kingdom over the Two Centuries, 1780–1990», из: Labor’s Reward: Real Wages and Economic Change in 19th- and 20th-century Europe, eds. P. Scholliers & V. Zamagni (Aldershot, 1995).

340

Ernst Engel, «Die Productions- und Consumtionsverhältnisse des Königreichs Sachsen», из: Zeitschrift des statistischen Büreaus des K. Sächsischen Ministerium des Innern, 22 Nov. 1857. Для современных ошибочных интерпретаций см.: Carle C. Zimmerman, «Ernst Engel’s Law of Expenditures for Food», Quarterly Journal of Economics, 47/1 (Nov. 1932), 78—101. For Engel’s impact, see Erik GrimmerSolem, The Rise of Historical Economics and Social Reform in Germany, 1864–1894 (Oxford, 2003).